Model Christy Turlington Burns Says Childbirth Deaths Are Avoidable

Christy Turlington BurnsShe’s on the cover of the June/July 2013 issue of Harper’s Bazaar. She’s one of Fast Company’s most creative people of 2013. And she’s determined to stop women from dying in childbirth.

Every day, roughly one thousand women die from the complications of pregnancy or childbirth, yet most of these deaths are preventable. That’s the message of model and activist Christy Turlington Burns’ documentary “No Woman, No Cry.”

The first-time filmmaker’s own experience with post-partum hemorrhaging after the birth of her daughter, Grace, and a 2005 visit to El Salvador, her mother’s homeland, inspired Turlington Burns to document maternal mortality worldwide.

“It’s a global tragedy,” she said at a screening of the film in New York City, so she decided to tell the stories of women in four different countries.

Turlington Burns first takes us to Tanzania, where a very pregnant Janet must walk five miles to reach a small clinic. She has no food with her, and the clinic provides none. Because her labor has not progressed enough, the health care worker sends her home. When Janet returns to the clinic, she’s so weak that she’s told she must now get to a hospital, a one-hour drive away. The van to take her costs $30, more than one month’s income for Janet’s family. Turlington Burns provides the money, and Janet gives birth to a healthy boy.

Tanzania lacks adequate health care facilities and medical personnel, as do most developing nations, with only one obstetrician for every 2.5 million people. With more and better facilities, women like Janet don’t need to die, as she surely would have if the film crew had not been there.

In Bangladesh, the issues are different. Health care facilities are often close by, yet most women will not use them because of the social stigma attached: it’s considered shameful to give birth outside the home. With proper education, however, attitudes can change. When a health care worker counsels Monica, who is ashamed to seek medical help, she finally agrees to have her baby in a hospital, leading to a happy outcome – the birth of a son.

In Guatemala, Turlington Burns encounters yet another issue. Abortion is illegal, even in cases of rape and incest. So when a young woman becomes pregnant as a result of rape, her illegal abortion almost kills her; it takes nearly six weeks of hospitalization for her to recover. Changing religiously based norms is probably the toughest challenge regarding maternal health, but it can happen, Turlington Burns argues.

Although 99 percent of childbirth-related deaths occur in the developing world, the United States has vast room for improvement, ranking 50th in maternal mortality. Women of color are especially vulnerable, as are those who have no health insurance.

“Being uninsured and pregnant is a disaster,” said Jennie Joseph, a Florida midwife featured in the film.

Ironically, the only woman who dies of childbirth-related complications in the documentary is an American woman who succumbs to an amniotic fluid aneurism. Turlington Burns shows the toll her death takes on her family with sensitivity and compassion.

Two years in the making, “” can be purchased on iTunes and Amazon.

We Steal Secrets: The Story of WikiLeaks

We Steal Secrets: The Story Of WikileaksIf you’re looking for a Michael Moore style documentary where you know the good guys from the bad guys, then this movie is not for you. While the first fifteen minutes appeared to detail the heroism of Julian Assange against the misdeeds of the U.S. government, the following two hours depicted a far more complex reality in which people may do the right things for the wrong reasons, or the wrong things with laudable goals in mind. Director Alex Gibney doesn’t give us a Moore fable or an Oliver Stone lesson in propaganda, but rather a complex study of an Icarus-themed Assange and a tortured but saint-like Private Bradley Manning.

When Assange dumped thousands of documents about the U.S.’s handling of the Afghanistan war without redacting the names of the locals who worked with the U.S. government, Assange went from hero to arrogant bastard. For him it was more important to get the word out regardless of whom it hurt or killed. Admittedly, Assange’s WikiLeaks turns out to be more a one-man organization than a dedicated band of Robin Hoods who steal from the U.S. government to give to the world. Did Assange care that people might die to facilitate the better free flow of information, or was he simply unable to redact the affected peoples names with a lack of staff and approaching deadlines for the release of information? We may never know.

As we delve into the personalities of Assange, and Private Manning who illegally downloaded hundreds of thousand of documents from the U.S. government, we find that both men are damaged goods. Assange was an unloved child whose mother divorced several times and who was shunted around more than thirty residences in Australia. Manning was a small, slightly effeminate gay who was bullied in school and not sure of his gender. From a divorced family with an alcoholic mother, he also felt himself very much alone. Whatever their environment and resultant personality failures, both were computer geniuses.

But overarching questions remain. When can the most powerful government in the world keep information hidden, and when must it release it? Is the embarrassment of inadvertently killing journalists in Iraq enough of a reason? Is potentially outing collaborators sufficient, and who decides and why and how?

In the Army, you’re supposed to follow orders, not your conscience. So, for Private Manning, it was a three-fer, not only was he a lonely homosexual with a stronger conscience because of what he had experienced, but he also felt that he was a woman trapped in a man’s body – and he had no one to turn to for help. The only surprise was how long it took him to unravel or to grow a pair – it all depends on your point of view.

So, if there is a hero in this mess, it’s probably not Julian Assange, whose dark side was more fitted to playing Darth Vader than Han Solo. Two damaged boys grow up to be damaged young men who want to get even with society, or, from a rosier point of view, men who want to change society and the U.S. government into something it isn’t. Beware of what you wish for: The consequences may be more severe than you imagined.

Project Nim (2011) – Thoughtless Experiment Takes a Toll on Chimp and Humans

Project NimMovie Review: Project Nim (2011), available on DVD and HBO

This true tale of a hippy-dippy “science” project run amok will leave you queasy. From the woman who breast feeds a baby chimp, to the research director who sleeps with his assistants, no one in the documentary Project Nim, which chronicles a 1970s experiment to see if a chimp can learn sign language and then follows him through various travails, seems capable of establishing boundaries. In fact, so many social and scientific lines are crossed that the value of the experiment is highly questionable, at best.

After the six-week-old Nim is heartrendingly separated from his mother, he’s raised in a home with seven kids and hippie parents who share their pot with Nim, don’t know sign language, and have no concept of what a scientific experiment should include, such as record keeping or schedules. Although the rambunctious Nim seems happy there, playing with the kids and pets, he takes an intense dislike to the father of the family, to the point of biting him. This is only the first wedge that Nim drives between the people involved in the experiment.

Reminiscent of , the film is really about the conflicts among the humans in Nim’s life and the resulting toll those disagreements take on the animal. Arguments arise over where and how he’s taught, where he should live, and who should control him and the experiment. As Nim starts to behave more and more like a wild chimp, the decision is made to remove him from the home to be raised by a young woman whom Dr. Herbert Terrace, the project director, has the hots for.

Director James Marsh skillfully elicits from his interviewees the emotional impact of the project, including an account from one young researcher whose affair with Dr. Terrace ends abruptly and painfully. Many tears are shed by all involved, except the stone-faced doctor, but Nim’s first human mother sums up the project’s effect on Nim most aptly: “We made a commitment to him and we failed. We did a disservice to that soul.”

As the chimp grows older, he gets more aggressive, including tearing open the side of a woman’s face, and Dr. Terrace finally realizes the experiment must end. Nim is shipped off to a creepy medical research facility and then to an animal sanctuary, but it’s not clear which place is worse.

provides a fascinating look at the antics of the anything-goes ’70s and serves as a stark reminder that when humans put their emotional needs first, helpless creatures often pay a very high price. If the tale of Nim’s Dickensian life doesn’t leave you teary-eyed, you’re not a worthy primate.

This review originally appeared in the bimonthly newspaper Happy Valley Animals.